Uddrag fra Propositions, [Nice1951] 046-0060

5/51 to define the relation in question (which for want of a name may be called "participation"){ for the are many other semantic relations answering to the same definition * in fact superordination in syntax (as usually understood) normally answers to prominence in semantic?, Yany other struc- tural terms lie ready to hand for the narrowing of the definition * trans- itive and intransitive in the logistic sense, comrmitational and permuta- tional in the glossematlc senses, and so on, (For instance the relations expressed by the cases arc normally permutabie, not computable), Such terms have however hardly yet been exploited for the structural defini- tion of relations, in the field of linguistics. It is not only in richness that the semantic relations exceed the phonemic. To take again the relation w ose variants have leen united under the comma label of "participation"! it will be easy to find this same relation expressed by a stem-morpheme, most commonly of the type have. tat then in the group "A has X" two analysés will be necessary * on"fee one hand there is the relation of participation between A and tbs group has X (as in any other verbal group)* on the other hand there is th same relation between A and X, the verb itself cumulating the semata of participation and olber relations. These analyses (ArX and ArYX, In which have plays the rdles of £ and Y respectively) are con- tradictory* These contradictory analyses must not be confused with merely In- different analyses (for instance it 1: indifferent whether we regard an inflection as affecting a noun or a whole nominal group). Analyses are indifferent when the whole system can 1® described with equal eco- norøy and completeness one way or the other. But here neither analysis can be deduced from the other and both are necessary for a complete description of linguistic relat ons. The principle of non-contradictory analysis, which (though often some sacrifice of realism) may he maintained in phonemlcs, breaks down at the start on examination of the semantic system.